If the reproductive cycle is to continue, the diploid cell must somehow reduce its number of chromosome sets before fertilization can occur again, or there will be a continual doubling in the number of chromosome sets in every generation.
Cells containing two sets of chromosomes are called diploid. Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes. The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell is called its ploidy level.
If those two cells each contain one set of chromosomes, then the resulting cell contains two sets of chromosomes. Sexual reproduction requires fertilization, a union of two cells from two individual organisms. Theme 5: How Do We Control Our Fertility?
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